Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764, between Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, the Mughal emperor and nawab of Awadh on one side and English on the other. The allies were defeated by the company`s forces at Buxar.It was one of the decisive battles of Indian history as it made company real masters of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa (Odisha). Mir Jafar was reinstated and after his death, his son rewarded the company with cash and territory.
In 1765,
both Shuja-ud-daula, the Nwab of Awadh and Shah Alam II, the Mughal emperor
signed the treaty of Allahabad with the English Viceroy, Lord Clive. Under this
treaty, the company got the rights to collect Diwani revenue from Bengal, Bihar
and Orissa (Odisha). The Nawab of Awadh paid 30 lakh rupees to the company to
retain the Nawabship. Shah Alam II got the districts of Kora and Allahabad, and
was also given an annual pension of 26 lakh rupees. This treaty made the
company, the Diwan of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa which meant that company
directly collected its revenues. The company also had the right to nominate the
deputy Subehdar.
The post of
deputy Subehdar was invested with the power to control the Nawab or the Police
and also had the same powers. This resulted in the same person officiating as
the deputy Diwan on the behalf of the company and as deputy Subehdar on behalf
of the Nawab. This system of administration is known as Dual System of
Administration. This dual system resulted in Nawab being saddled with
responsibility without power, whereas the company had the power without
responsibility. As a consequence, the people of Bengal were a neglected lot
with neither the company nor the nawab working for their welfare.
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